Liquid dosing apparatus

ABSTRACT

An apparatus and means of repeatedly dispensing controlled doses of liquid contained in a resiliently squeezable container, wherein the dose size can be adjusted.

FIELD OF INVENTION

The present invention relates to an apparatus and means of repeatedlydispensing controlled doses of liquid, while also varying the dosagevolume.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

It may be desirable to deliver a precise dose of a liquid and be able tovary and select the volume of this dose for different applications anddifferent needs. It may also be desirable to provide a dosage systemthat does not rely solely on gravity or needs a bulky volumetric dosingchamber or requires a complex and large pumping mechanism. It may beparticular desirable to deliver said benefits by simply inverting andsqueezing a container whilst offering a compact, low cost and simpleconstructions.

For example, a large dose is desired when dosing a hard surface cleaningcomposition into a bucket of water for the general cleaning of floors.However, a smaller dose is desired when directly applying the hardsurface cleaning composition onto the surface for spot cleaning a stain.A large dose would also be desired for dosing a laundry liquidcomposition into a washing machine, while a smaller dose is desired fordirect application onto a fabric stain.

EP2653842 relates to an apparatus and means of repeatedly dispensingcontrolled doses of liquid comprising a resiliently squeezable containerfor containing a liquid detergent composition; a cap operably connectedto said container, the cap comprising a nozzle for expelling the liquidout of the container; a dosing chamber operably connected to the cap,wherein the dosing chamber comprises a base having a discharge openingtherein, sidewalls extending upwardly along the perimeter of said baseand at least one inlet opening located proximal the sidewalls; at leastone timer aperture located proximal to the discharge opening; a plunger,provided in the dosing chamber and moveable relative to the chamber soas to advance upon squeezing of the container, up to a blockingposition; a valve retaining means located below the base; a valveprovided in the valve retaining mean wherein the valve is movable froman open position, allowing liquid flow through the discharge opening,and a closed position, where the valve blocks the discharge opening;wherein the liquid is a shear thinning liquid and the shear thinningliquid has a viscosity of greater than 150 mPa·s measured at 10 s⁻¹ at20° C. EP2444782 relates to an apparatus and means of repeatedlydispensing controlled doses of liquid. WO 2005049477 A2 relates toliquid dosing devices of the kind in which flow to a front dischargeopening of a container is blocked after a controlled delay by a slidingpiston movable in a control chamber mounted in a container neck behindthe discharge opening. Movement of the piston is governed by restrictedflow through control openings at the back of the control chamber.Restoration of the piston after a dosing operation is assisted byproviding a dump valve at the rear of the control chamber. Forsimplicity and ease of construction, as well as effective sealingoperation, the dump valve member is a ball retained in a cage. Anotherproposal provides a one-way valve in the outlet path, obviating the dumpvalve and enabling rapid recovery after a dosing operation when usedwith a resiliently squeezable container.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

A first aspect of the present invention relates to a dosing apparatus(1) for dispensing a dose of liquid comprising: a resiliently squeezablecontainer (2); a cap (3) operably connected to said container (2); adosing chamber (4) operably connected to said cap (3), wherein saiddosing chamber (4) comprises a dosing chamber base (12) having adischarge opening (13) therein, dosing chamber sidewalls (14) extendingupwardly along the perimeter of said dosing chamber base (12) and atleast one dosing chamber inlet opening (15) located proximal said dosingchamber sidewalls (14); at least one timer aperture (16) locatedproximal to said discharge opening (13); a plunger, provided in saiddosing chamber (4) and moveable relative to said chamber so as toadvance upon squeezing of said container (2), towards a blockingposition; a valve retaining means (6) located below said dosing chamberbase (12); a valve (7, 29, 33) provided in said valve retaining means(6) wherein said valve (7, 29, 33) is movable from an open position,allowing liquid flow through said discharge opening (13), and a closedposition, where the valve blocks said discharge opening; and a nozzle;wherein the plunger can move from the dosing chamber base (12) to theblocking position, defining a travel distance; characterized in that theblocking position can be altered to provide a minimum travel distance,for delivering a minimum dose, which is from 5% to 66% of the maximumtravel distance, for delivering the maximum dose.

The present invention further relates to the use claim of a dosingapparatus (1) according to any preceding claims to directly apply a doseof a hard surface cleaning composition onto a stain on a substrate.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1A is a front view of the dosing apparatus according to oneembodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 1B is a side view of the dosing apparatus according to oneembodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is an exploded view of the dosing apparatus according to oneembodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 3A is a cross-section taken along the line A-A of FIG. 1A of thedosing apparatus according to one embodiment of the present invention,wherein the dosing element top (35) is at an intermediate distance fromthe dosing chamber base (12), such that the plunger has an intermediatetravel distance.

FIG. 3B is a cross-section taken along the line A-A of FIG. 1A of thedosing apparatus according to one embodiment of the present invention,wherein the dosing element top (35) is at its closest distance to thedosing chamber base (12). As such, the travel distance of the plunger isa minimum.

FIG. 3C is a cross-section taken along the line A-A of FIG. 1A of thedosing apparatus according to one embodiment of the present invention,wherein the dosing element top (35) is at the furthest distance to thedosing chamber base (12). As such, the travel distance of the plunger isa maximum.

FIG. 4 is an isometric view of a piston of the dosing apparatusaccording to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a cross-section taken along the line A-A of FIG. 1A of thedosing apparatus according to one embodiment of the present invention,wherein the nozzle comprises a push-pull closure.

FIG. 6A is an axial cross-section of an embodiment of the presentinvention, wherein the nozzle (8) comprises an entry tube (10) which ismoveable relative to the nozzle (8) such that the blocking position canbe altered, in which the entry tube (10) is at its highest mostposition. As such, the travel distance of the plunger is a maximum.

FIG. 6B is an axial cross-section of an embodiment of FIG. 6A, whereinthe entry tube (10) is at its lowest most position. As such, the traveldistance of the plunger is a minimum.

FIG. 7A is an isometric view of a dosing element (34) of the dosingapparatus according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention,viewed from above.

FIG. 7B is an isometric view of a dosing element (34) of the dosingapparatus according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention,viewed from below.

FIG. 8 is the embodiment of FIG. 3A, with the flow path of the liquidinto the dosing chamber illustrated.

FIG. 9 is a cross-section taken along the line A-A of FIG. 1A of thedosing apparatus according to one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 10A is an axial cross-section of another embodiment of the dosingapparatus.

FIG. 10B is an exploded view of a dosing chamber and valve of the dosingapparatus according to the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 10A.

FIG. 11 is an axial cross-section of another embodiment of the dosingapparatus.

FIG. 12A to 12C are axial cross-sections of an embodiment of the presentinvention illustrating the positioning of the piston and valve in thevarious phases of dispensing.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

By the terms “a” and “an” when describing a particular element, weherein mean “at least one” of that particular element.

The term “dose” as used herein is defined as the measured amount ofliquid to be delivered by the apparatus. The dose begins when the liquidfirst exits the nozzle and ends once the flow of said liquid stops. Thevolume of liquid dosed for each squeeze of the container is typicallyfrom 1 ml to 80 ml, preferably from 3 ml to 40 ml, more preferably 10 mlto 30 ml, and even more preferably 15 ml to 30 ml.

By “substantially independently from pressure” as used herein it ismeant that pressure causes less than 10% variation from the targetmeasured dose.

By “substantially constant liquid output or dosage” as used herein it ismeant that variation from the target measured dose is less than 10%.

By “resiliently squeezable” as used herein it is meant that thecontainer returns to its original shape without suffering any permanentdeformation once pressure is released therefrom.

By “shear thinning” as used herein it is meant that the liquid referredto is non-Newtonian and preferably has a viscosity that changes withchanges in shear rate.

By “ergonomic(s)” as used herein it is meant that the feature(s) isdesigned to maximize productivity by reducing operator (or user) fatigueand discomfort.

By “drip-free” as used herein it is meant that no visible residue isleft proximal to the nozzle of the cap following dosing and/or that noliquid exits the resilient container when the apparatus is held top downwithout squeezing.

Various embodiments will now be described to provide an overallunderstanding of the principles of the structure, function, manufacture,and use of the apparatus and methods disclosed herein. One or moreexamples of these embodiments are illustrated in the accompanyingdrawings. Those of ordinary skill in the art will understand thatfeatures described or illustrated in connection with one exampleembodiment can be combined with the features of other exampleembodiments without generalization from the present disclosure.

A preferred field of use is that of dosage devices for domestic orhousehold use, containing detergents such as hard surface cleaningcompositions, liquid laundry detergent compositions, or other cleaningpreparations, fabric conditioners and the like. Other fields of useinclude dosage devices for manual and automatic dishwashing liquids,hair-care products and oral care applications such as mouth washes,beverages (such as syrups, shots of liquors, alcohols, liquid coffeeconcentrates and the like), food applications (such as food pastes andliquid food ingredients), pesticides, and the like.

The resiliently squeezable container (2) can comprise a liquid therein,preferably a detergent composition. The liquid can be Newtonian or shearthinning. The viscosity of the liquid can be from 1 to 350 mPa·s,preferably from 1 to 300 mPa·s, more preferably from 1 to 250 mPa·s,even more preferably from 1 to 220 mPa·s, even more preferably 1 to 200mPa·s and most preferably from 1 to 150 mPa·s (measured at 1000 s⁻¹ at20° C.).

The invention is directed to an apparatus (1) for repeatedly dosing aquantity of liquid, in which the quantity of liquid dosed can be readilyadjusted to suit the user's requirement. The apparatus (1) comprises aresiliently squeezable container (2), a cap (3) operably connected tosaid container (2), and a dosing chamber (4) operably connected to saidcap (3). The dosing chamber (4) comprises a dosing chamber base (12)having a discharge opening (13) therein, dosing chamber sidewalls (14)extending upwardly along the perimeter of said dosing chamber base (12)and at least one dosing chamber one inlet opening (15) located proximalsaid dosing chamber sidewalls (14); There is at least one timer aperture(16) located proximal to said discharge opening (13). A plunger isprovided in said dosing chamber (4) and is moveable relative to saidchamber so as to advance upon squeezing of said container (2), up to ablocking position. A valve retaining means (6) is located below saiddosing chamber base (12). A valve (7, 29, 33) provided in said valveretaining means (6) is movable from an open position, allowing liquidflow through said discharge opening (13), and a closed position, wherethe valve blocks said discharge opening. The dosing apparatus alsocomprises a nozzle. The apparatus (1) may have a longitudinal axis (YY)extending along/or substantially parallel to, the centerline of theapparatus (1). Said longitudinal axis (YY) may also be parallel to thedirection of a portion of the fluid flow during dispensing.

In the present invention, the distance the plunger can move from thedosing chamber base (12) to the blocking position defines a traveldistance and the blocking position can be altered to provide a minimumtravel distance and a maximum travel distance, such that the minimumtravel distance, for delivering the minimum dose, is from 5% to 66%,preferably from 10% to 50%, more preferably from 15% to 30% of themaximum travel distance, for delivering the maximum dose.

Accordingly, the dosing apparatus (1) can dispense a volume from theminimum dose setting which is from 5% to 66%, preferably from 10% to50%, more preferably from 15% to 30% of the volume dispensed from themaximum dose setting.

For certain applications, such as dispensing liquid hard surfacecleaning compositions, the “high” dose can be from 10 ml to 100 ml,preferably from 15 ml to 50 ml, more preferably from 20 ml to 30 ml. Incontrast, the “low” dose can be from 0.1 ml to 5.0 ml, preferably from0.2 ml to 2.5 ml, more preferably from 0.3 ml to 1.0 ml. For instance,it is desirable to dispense a large dose of liquid hard surface cleaningcomposition for dilution into a bucket of water, for example, formopping of floors. In contrast, a smaller dose is desired for directapplication on to a stain on a hard surface, before scrubbing.

For other applications, such as dispensing liquid laundry detergentcompositions, the “high” dose can be from 20 ml to 150 ml, preferablyfrom 25 ml to 120 ml, more preferably from 30 ml to 90 ml. In contrast,the “low” dose can be from 1 ml to 17.5 ml, preferably from 2.5 ml to 15ml, more preferably from 5.0 ml to 10 ml. For instance, it is desirableto dispense a “high” dose of liquid laundry detergent composition into awashing machine, while a “low” dose is desired for direct application onto a fabric stain during pretreating.

The blocking position can be altered by any suitable means.

For instance, referring to FIG. 2, the dosing apparatus (1) can comprisea dosing element (34), wherein the dosing element comprises a dosingelement top (35) which is positioned above the dosing chamber (4) and ismoveable such that the blocking position can be altered. Such dosingelements (34) comprise the nozzle (8). The nozzle (8) comprises and/ordefines an orifice (9) at its apex, and an entry tube (10) which extendsdownwardly and opposite said orifice (9).

Referring to FIG. 2 and FIG. 3, the dosing element top (35) comprisesthe nozzle (8) extending substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis(YY) preferably comprising and/or defining an orifice (9) at its apex,and an entry tube (10) which extends downwardly and opposite saidorifice (9). Said orifice (9) can comprise a slit valve to reduce andeven eliminate dripping. The entry tube (10) may extend verticallydownwardly substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis (YY) so as toat least partly enter a volume formed by the dosing chamber (4). The cap(3) or dosing element top (35) may further comprise a top lid (17)capable of engaging with the nozzle (8) to provide a closing and sealingmeans. Preferably, the cap (3) comprises the top lid (17). Preferably,the top lid (17) may be pivotable upon a pivot point located on asurface of the cap (3). The person skilled in the art would understandthat other closing features or cap constructions could also be used,such as a push-pull closure as exemplified in FIG. 5, or twist, screw orother caps know in the art.

The dosing chamber (4) comprises a dosing chamber base (12) having adischarge opening (13) located therein. Preferably, the dischargeopening (13) is located at the centre of the dosing chamber base (12) toallow the liquid accumulated in the volume (11) of the dosing chamber(4) below the plunger to be quickly flushed back into the container (2)after squeezing. At least one timer aperture (16) is located proximal tothe discharge opening (13). The dosing chamber (4) also has dosingchamber sidewalls (14) extending upwardly along the perimeter of thedosing chamber base (12) and have at least one dosing chamber one inletopening (15) located proximal to said dosing chamber sidewalls (14).Preferably, the dosing chamber inlet openings (15) are located proximalto the apex of the dosing chamber sidewalls (14) opposite the dosingchamber base (12) of the dosing chamber (4). The dosing chamber base(12) of the dosing chamber (4) may be chamfered to form an inclinedsurface extending from the dosing chamber sidewalls (14) to thedischarge opening (13). Preferably, said inclined surface extendssubstantially linearly from said dosing chamber sidewalls (14) to saiddischarge opening (13). Such configuration allows the liquid to drainfrom the dosing chamber (4) in an effective manner without leaving anyleft-behind residue, particularly in locations proximal to the dosingchamber sidewalls (14), which would otherwise cause jamming of theplunger upon drying.

The dosing element (34) can further comprise dosing element sidewalls(36) extending downwardly along the perimeter of the dosing element top(35), with the entry tube (10) extending downwardly and opposite theorifice (9), and the dosing element sidewalls (36) contact the dosingchamber sidewalls (14). As such, the dosing element (34) is able to movewithin the dosing chamber (4), in order to vary the distance between thelowest point of the entry tube (10) and the dosing chamber base (12), asexemplified in FIG. 3A to 3C. Since the dose provided by the apparatus(1) varies with the distance that the plunger can move between thelowest point of the entry tube (10) and the dosing chamber base (12),the dose of liquid can be adjusted by altering the position of thedosing element (34), and hence the entry tube (10), relative to thedosing chamber base (12). The dosing element (34) can be moved relativeto the dosing chamber base (12) by a sliding motion or rotationalmotion. For instance, the outer surface of the dosing element sidewalls(36) can comprise a ridge in the form of a screw-thread, whilst theinner surface of the dosing chamber sidewalls (14) can comprise thecorresponding grooves for the screw thread, or vice-versa (see FIGS. 7Aand 7B).

The dosing element sidewalls (36) can contact the dosing chambersidewalls (14) over the circumference of the dosing element sidewalls(36), preferably such that liquid is not able to leak between the dosingelement sidewalls (36) and dosing chamber sidewalls (14).

The dosing element sidewalls (36) can be irremovable from the dosingchamber sidewalls (14). This can be achieved using any suitable means,for instance, having a bead on the exterior face of the dosing elementsidewalls (36), distal from the dosing element top (35), and the dosingchamber sidewalls (14) comprising a step or lip which abuts the beadwhen the dosing element (34) is at its furthest position from the dosingchamber base (12).

In order to vary the travel distance of the plunger, the nozzle (8) cancomprise an entry tube (10), wherein the entry tube (10) is moveablerelative to the nozzle (8) such that the blocking position can bealtered (see FIGS. 6A and 6B). The entry tube (10) preferably contactsthe nozzle (8) over the circumference of the entry tube (10), such thatliquid is not able to leak between the entry tube (10) and the nozzle(8).

For instance the entry tube (10) is capable of displacing both upwardlyand downwardly in a direction parallel to the longitudinal axis (YY)upon rotation of the cap (3). Changing the height of the entry tube (10)reduces the travel distance of the piston thus allowing the user to dosedifferent quantities of liquid by simply rotating cap (3).

As such, the entry tube (10) of the dosing element (34) is able to movewithin nozzle (8), in order to vary the travel distance between thelowest point of the entry tube (10) and the dosing chamber base (12).Since the dose provided by the apparatus (1) varies with the distancethat the plunger can move between the lowest point of the entry tube(10) and the dosing chamber base (12), the dose of liquid can beadjusted by altering the position of the dosing element (34), relativeto the dosing chamber base (12). The entry tube (10) can be movedrelative to the dosing chamber base (12) by a sliding motion orrotational motion. For instance, the outer surface of the entry tube(10) can comprise a ridge in the form of a screw-thread, whilst theinner surface of the nozzle (8) can comprise the corresponding groovesfor the screw thread.

The entry tube (10) can be irremovable from the nozzle (10). This can beachieved using any suitable means. For instance, the entry tube (10) cancomprise a bead (38) either at its extremity distal from the orifice (9)or positioned on the sidewall of the entry tube (10) (see FIGS. 6A and6B). Hence, when the dosing element (34) is at its furthest positionfrom the dosing chamber base (12), the bead (38) abuts the nozzle (10).

The nozzle (8) can be comprised on the cap (3). Alternatively, thenozzle (8) can be comprised on the dosing element ((34), particularlythe dosing element top (35) as shown in FIG. 3A to 3C and FIGS. 6A and6B.

The dosing element sidewalls (36) can comprise at least one dosingelement inlet opening (37) located proximal said dosing chambersidewalls (14). The at least one dosing element inlet opening (37) canat least partially overlap with the at least one dosing chamber inletopening (15). For instance, when the dosing element (34) is rotatable,the dosing element (34), and hence the dosing element side walls (36)can be rotated such that the overlap between the at least one dosingelement inlet opening (37) and the at least one dosing chamber inletopening (15) can be altered. As such, the dosage provided by the dosingapparatus (1) can be further altered. When the dosing element (34) canbe rotated such that there is no overlap between the at least one dosingelement inlet opening (37) and the at least one dosing chamber inletopening (15), the dosing apparatus (1) is closed. In addition, byrotating the rotatable element (34), the relative distance between atleast one dosing element inlet opening (37) and the dosing chamber base(12) is also altered.

The ratio of the total cross-sectional open area of dosing chamber inletopenings (15) and the timer apertures (16) can be between 2 to 25,preferably from 2 to 24, preferably from 2 to 23, preferably from 4 to22, preferably from 6 to 22, more preferably from 8 to 20, mostpreferably 10 to 18

The plunger is preferably in the form of a piston (5) and is moveablerelative to the dosing chamber base (12) so as to advance upon squeezingof the inverted container (2). The piston (5) moves from a startingposition—wherein the piston (5) is at its furthest position from theentry tube (10), up to a blocking position—wherein at least part of thepiston (5) contacts the entry tube (10) so as to close it andterminating the dose. Preferably the motion of the piston (5) is linearand parallel to the longitudinal axis (YY), however, it is understoodthat any other kind of motion such as rotation and combination ofrotation and translation may be equally suitable for generating a dose.Since the blocking position, typically the lowest point of the entrytube (10), can be altered, the distance that the plunger, preferably thepiston (5), can traverse can be changed. Hence, the dose delivered bythe apparatus can be altered.

The valve retaining means (6) is located below the dosing chamber base(12) of the dosing chamber (4) and may extend vertically downward fromsaid dosing chamber base (12) in a direction substantially parallel tothe longitudinal axis (YY). Preferably, the valve retaining means (6) isone part with the dosing chamber (4). This allows to reduce the numberof parts required and contributes towards introducing benefits such asreduced manufacturing complexity and cost, and ease of assembly.

The valve (7) is preferably uni-directional (i.e. it opens and closes inone direction only) and is provided in the retaining means (6). Thevalve (7) is moveable from an open position—allowing liquid to flowthrough the discharge opening (13), and a closed position—wherein thevalve blocks said discharge opening (13).

In a preferred embodiment, said valve (7) may be spherical in shape andmay be capable of blocking the discharge opening (13) by at least partlyentering the dosing chamber (4). Preferably, said valve may be capableof contacting and/or impacting and/or abutting at least part of thepiston (5) when said piston (5) is in its starting position and saidvalve (7) is in its closed position upon squeezing of the resilientcontainer (2). Such configuration allows easy and accurate location ofthe valve into the discharge opening upon squeezing of the container (2)with no need for a specific orientation to be maintained. Anotheradvantage is that by allowing the valve (7) to at least partly enter thedosing chamber (4) and impact and/or abut at least part of the piston(5), said valve (7) acts as a precursor and pushes up the piston so asto overcome any initial jamming of said piston (5).

In a preferred embodiment, as illustrated in both FIG. 3A to 3C, thepiston (5) may have a substantially flat surface, preferably a flatsurface, and may comprise stabilizing wings (24) extending upwardly andsubstantially parallel to the longitudinal axis (YY). Preferably, theroot of said stabilizing wings (24) may be located along thecircumference of said piston (5). Said stabilizing wings may be spacedapart so as to minimize material used and any friction with the dosingchamber sidewalls (14) and the dosing element side walls (36). Thediameter of said piston (5) may be smaller than the diameter of saiddosing chamber (4) to further reduce any friction effects between thesurfaces thereof. Preferably, said piston (5) may further compriseprotrusions (25) extending opposite and mirrored to said stabilizingwings (24) wherein said protrusions (25) are of smaller length than saidstabilizing wings (24). Without being bound by theory, it is believedthat an advantage of the flat configuration of the piston is that thepressure differential is minimized between the liquid flowing throughthe dosing chamber inlet openings (15) and the liquid flowing throughthe timer apertures (16), thus rendering the rate of climb of the piston(5) and consequently the dosage, dependent primarily on the ratio of thesurface of the openings and the viscosity of the liquid. A furtheradvantage is introduced by the protrusions (25), which reduce contactwith the dosing chamber base (12) of the dosing chamber (4), thusminimizing jamming of the piston (5).

Referring to FIG. 8, when a force is applied to the inverted container(2), said container (2) experiences buckling and concurrently generatesa pressure within said container (2) which causes the valve (7) to closethe discharge opening (13). The liquid is consequently forced to flowinto the dosing chamber (4) via the timer apertures (16) and the dosingchamber inlet openings (15). The flow path of the liquid is shown byarrows A and B of FIG. 8. The part of the liquid that flows through thetimer apertures (16) pushes the piston (5) towards the entry tube (10),whilst the part of the liquid that flows through the inlet openings (15)is directly expelled from the container (5) through the entry tube (10)and out of the nozzle (8). Once the piston reaches the entry tube (10)liquid flow is stopped and the dose complete. Releasing the force fromthe inverted container (2) causes the resilient spring-back of thecontainer surfaces and allows the vacuum, formed during squeezing andbuckling of the container (2), to open the valve (7) and effectivelydrain the dosing chamber (4) while the piston returns to its startingposition. At the same time the volume above the piston fills with airwhich is pulled in via the nozzle (8), venting the container (2) tobring the deformed container (2) back to its starting form. At thispoint a new dose may be dispensed by simply squeezing again saidcontainer (2) without needing to rotate the apparatus (1) back to theupright position.

Referring to FIG. 3A to 3C, in a preferred embodiment of the presentinvention the dosing chamber (4) may comprise dosing chamber sidewalls(14) extending vertically upwardly along the perimeter of dosing chamberbase (12) and parallel to the longitudinal axis (YY). The dosing chamber(4) may be integrally molded to the cap (3). Alternatively, the dosingchamber (4) can be separately formed, for instance by injection molding,before being attached to the cap (3). In such embodiments, the dosingchamber sidewalls (14) and cap (3) can comprise correspondingprotrusions and grooves, in order to “snap-fit” the dosing chamber (4)to the cap. Alternatively, the dosing chamber sidewalls (14) cancomprise at least two tabs (18) extending vertically upwardly from theapex of said dosing chamber sidewalls (14) in a direction opposite tosaid dosing chamber base (12). The tabs (18) may be spaced apart so asto form a castellation on the upper portion of the dosing chamber (4).Such tabs (18) may define dosing chamber inlet openings (15) formed bythe open space between said tabs (18). Preferably, the perimeter of saiddosing chamber base (12) may be substantially circular, however it isunderstood by the person skilled in the art that other shapes may alsobe suitable such as oval, squared, triangular and so on. Thisconfiguration allows for ease of manufacture of the dosing chamber inletopenings (15). More preferably, the dosing chamber comprises multipletabs (18) forming multiple dosing chamber inlet openings (15).

In one embodiment the tabs (18) may further comprise a notch which mayfollow the contour of the inside face of said tabs (18) and extend apredetermined length towards the longitudinal axis (YY), for compliancewith a groove located on a surface of the cap (3). Preferably, saidsurface of cap (3) faces opposite to said longitudinal axis (YY) and islocated on a first skirt (21). Said first skirt (21) may extenddownwardly and substantially parallel to said longitudinal axis (YY)from a first surface of the cap (3) (see FIG. 8). The dosing chamber (4)may be connected to the cap (3) by snap fitting said tabs (18) to saidfirst skirt. Such a construction allows for ease of assembly.

In a preferred embodiment the timer apertures (16) may be located in thedosing chamber base (12) of the dosing chamber (4). Preferably, saidtimer apertures (16) may be proximal to the discharge opening (13) andthe centre line of said timer apertures (16) may be parallel to thecentre line of said discharge opening (13). An advantage of suchconfiguration is that laminar flow is maintained which serves to apply aconstant and balanced force on the piston. Without wishing to be boundby theory, it is believed that turbulent flow may destabilize the smoothmovement of the piston.

In a particularly preferred embodiment (not shown), the timer apertures(16) may be in the form of multiple slots extending for a predeterminedlength from the discharge opening (13) towards the dosing chambersidewalls (14) through the dosing chamber base (12) of the dosingchamber (4). In this particular embodiment, the piston (5) comprises aring-like protrusion extending from the base thereof in a directionsubstantially parallel to the longitudinal axis (YY) towards said dosingchamber base (12). The said ring-like protrusion may be capable ofclosing the multiple slots and the discharge opening (13) when in itsstarting position by being in relative contact with the correspondingsurface of said dosing chamber base (12) of said dosing chamber (4). Anadvantage of this configuration is that bubbling through the timerapertures is significantly reduced and even prevented when the filledcontainer is inverted without squeezing it. Without wishing to be boundby theory, it is believed that when holding the apparatus (1) in itsinverted position, particularly when at an angle or when the liquid inthe container has been partly depleted, air may flow through the timerholes causing a back pressure differential that results in some of theliquid to flow in the dosing chamber (4) through the dosing chamberinlet openings (15) and leak. Consistent dosing is therefore improvedover different tilt angles and also at different container fill levels.

In further embodiments the timer apertures (16) may be located in and/orthrough the valve (29, 33), as illustrated in FIG. 10A to 10B and FIG.11.

In a preferred embodiment, the dosing chamber base (12) of the dosingchamber (4) may be chamfered in such a way to define a first area and asecond area. Preferably, said first area may be demarcated by the dosingchamber sidewalls (14) of the dosing chamber (4), and said second areamay define the circumference of the discharge opening (13). Morepreferably, the said second area is located below said first area andthe centerline of said first area coincides with the centerline of saidsecond area.

Referring to FIG. 9, in an embodiment of the present invention, the cap(3) may comprise a second skirt forming a plug seal (22) extendingdownwardly proximal to the first skirt (21), and a v-shaped notch (23)proximal to said second skirt (22). The plug-seal (22) and the V-shapednotch (23) may be capable of at least partly engaging with the uppermostsurface of the container (2) so as to provide a secure sealing means andprevent leakage during dosage. An advantage of such a configuration isthe reduction in the number of parts, since an additional sealing meanssuch as an O-ring or the like is no longer required.

In an embodiment (not shown) of the present invention, the first skirt(21) may comprise shutter tabs in the form of spaced flanges or the liketo at least partly cover at least one of the dosing chamber inletopenings (15). Alternatively, the first skirt (21) may have shutter tabsformed by portions of the first skirt (21) subtending at a variablevertical distance taken from a plane substantially parallel to thelongitudinal axis (YY) to form a series of preferably linear gradientsalong the entire circumference of said first skirt (21). In thisembodiment the first skirt (21) may be rotatable with respect to thedosage chamber (4) so as to allow more variation in the size of thedosing chamber inlet openings (15). This allows greater flexibility indosage whereby the user can dispense different amounts of liquid byrotating the cap (3) which in turn changes the size of said inletopenings and thus the ratio of the surface of said dosing chamber inletopenings (15) and the timer apertures (16).

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, as illustrated inFIG. 6, the valve retaining means (6) may be formed by at least threeflexible hook-shaped protrusions (26) extending downwardly from saiddosing chamber base (12) in a direction opposite to the dosing chambersidewalls (14) of the dosing chamber (4) and substantially parallel tothe longitudinal axis (YY). An advantage of such hook shaped protrusions(26) is the simplification of the de-molding operation duringmanufacturing by allowing pull-off from the injection mold withoutcomplex slides in the mold. A further advantage is that said hook shapedprotrusions (26) allow to assemble the valve (7) easily via push-fit,while minimizing contact between said valve (7) and said hook shapedprotrusions (26) which aids in preventing blockage.

In a further embodiment the retaining means (6) may further comprise atleast one flat panel extending downwardly from said dosing chamber base(12) and substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis (YY). Saidpanels are preferably located in the gaps formed between the hook-shapedprotrusions (26). This configuration allows to securely locate the valve(7) inside the retaining means (6) in a child-proof manner by preventingthe removal of the valve (7) once inserted.

In a preferred embodiment (not shown) the valve retaining means (6) maybe formed by at least two overhangs, preferably at least threeoverhangs, extending downwardly from said dosing chamber base (12) in adirection opposite to the dosing chamber sidewalls (14) of the dosingchamber (4) and substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis (YY). Inthis embodiment, a snap ring may join to the apex of said overhangs soas to define a valve insertion opening at the centre thereof. The snapring may extend towards the centre of the valve insertion opening, andmay be inclined at an angle from a plane perpendicular to saidlongitudinal axis (YY). Preferably, said angle is about 35° prior to theinsertion of the valve through the valve insertion opening and deformsin a direction towards said dosing chamber base (12) when the valve ispushed through the valve insertion opening. The resulting angle of saidsnap ring after valve insertion is preferably −45° taken along saidplane perpendicular to said longitudinal axis (YY). Preferably, saidoverhangs and said snap ring are one part with said dosing chamber (4).An advantage of this configuration is that potential entanglement ofdosing chambers during the manufacturing procedure is avoided.

In another embodiment of the present invention, illustrated in FIG. 10Aand FIG. 10B, the valve retaining means (6) may be formed by aprojection (32) extending from said dosing chamber base (12) in adirection opposite to said dosing chamber sidewalls (14) and may engagewith a flexible one-way disc valve (33) with a very low crackingpressure (i.e. low minimum upstream pressure at which the valve willoperate). The valve (33) may be engaged to said valve retaining means(6) via a central snap fit or other means which allows movement of saidvalve (33) relative to said projection (32). The valve (33) may besubstantially flat and circular in shape, although it is understood thatother shapes may also be suitable such as dome shaped and/or umbrellashaped. The valve (33) may have timer apertures (16) extending therein.An advantage of such configuration is that the total size of the dosingchamber may be reduced together with reduced complexity in view of thesimple central snap fit.

In an embodiment of the present invention, illustrated in FIG. 11, thevalve (29) may be bullet shaped. Said bullet shape is defined by asubstantially flat surface (30) on one end and a substantially convexsurface (31) on the opposite end. The valve (29) may be inserted intothe valve retaining means (6) via a snap fit or other means which allowsmovement of said valve (29) relative to said valve retaining means, thevalve retaining means (6) guiding the valve (29) and preventing it fromchanging orientation. The flat surface of said valve may have an openingsubtending more than 50% of the diameter of said valve (29) and theconvex surface (31) may have one or more timer apertures (16) locatedproximal to the apex of said convex surface. The valve (29) may beoriented so that the convex surface (31) faces the discharge opening(13) and the flat surface (30) faces the inside of the container (2). Anadvantage of such configuration is ease of manufacture of the valve.

Referring to FIG. 1B, in a preferred embodiment the container (2) maycomprise a front (27) and a back (28) surface in a facing relationship.Preferably, said front (27) and back (28) surfaces have a larger surfacearea compared to the other surfaces of the container (2) and are spacedapart so that the distance (d) between said front (27) and back (28)surfaces is between 30 mm to 100 mm. This specific range has been foundto be optimal for allowing the user to correctly and comfortably gripthe container and squeeze effectively.

The container (2) may be made of any flexible material, however,preferably said material is selected from the group consisting of PP,PET, PE or blends thereof. Said container (2) may be capable ofdisplacing from 5 ml to 150 ml, preferably from 10 ml to 80 ml, ofliquid without experiencing permanent deformation. Without being boundby theory it is believed that permanent deformation will create cracksin the container or cause paneling (i.e. the panels do not return to thestarting position) which in turn reduce the displacement volume witheach use, affecting the consistency of the dosage.

In a preferred embodiment (not shown), the container (2) may comprise anindicating means to indicate to the user the acceptable inclinationangle of the apparatus (1) for effective dosage. Indeed, in someoperations the user may need to angle the apparatus (1) due to spacerestrictions or simply comfort. However, tilting the apparatus (1) attoo shallow angles may result in loss of accuracy of the dosage,particularly if air starts flowing through the dosing chamber inletopenings (15). This may be particularly true when the liquid is close todepletion. It may therefore be necessary to incline the apparatus (1) asmuch as possible but in such a way that the liquid still covers saiddosing chamber inlet openings (15). An indicating means allowing theuser to see when said liquid covers said dosing chamber inlet openings(15) may be desirable. Preferably, said indicating means is atransparent window located on said container (2) proximal to theconnecting portion of the cap (3) with said container (2).Alternatively, said indicating means may be an entirely transparentcontainer. A further advantage of such configuration is that thedepletion of the liquid may be inspected by the user and the correctfunctioning of the valve and piston communicated.

The container (2) can comprise a front surface (27) and a back surface(28), wherein the distance between said front to said back surfaces isbetween 30 mm to 120 mm.

An advantage of the present invention is that constant dosage during use(i.e. as the liquid being dispensed is depleted from the container) isachieved whilst providing optimal ergonomics for the end user who candispense a dose of liquid without experiencing strain during the squeezeoperation, and allowing the dose size to be readily altered according toneed. Indeed in a preferred embodiment, the dosing apparatus of thepresent invention consists of an ergonomic dosing apparatus.

In an preferred embodiment, the dosing apparatus delivers a dose ofliquid at a pressure of less than 150 kPa, preferably less than 120 kPa,preferably less than or equal to 110 kPa, more preferably from 80 kPa to110 kPa, even more preferably from 90 kPa to 100 kPa, measured accordingto the test method described herein. Without wishing to be bound bytheory it is believed that higher pressures provide detriment to theergonomics of the apparatus since the user is otherwise required toexert large forces over an extended squeeze time.

In an embodiment of the present invention, the dosage time is typicallyless than or equal to 3 s, preferably less than or equal to 2 s,preferably less than or equal to 1.5 s, preferably less than or equal to1 s and more preferably less than or equal to 0.75 s but greater than 0s, most preferably from 0.4 s to 0.75 s. Without wishing to be bound bytheory it is believed that if the time of squeeze is too high, the userwill apply a more variable squeezing force with the greatest force beingapplied towards the end of the squeeze resulting in the userexperiencing an undesired fatigue especially in circumstances wheremultiple doses are required.

It has been found that the ratio of the total cross-sectional open areaof the dosing chamber inlet openings (15) and the orifice (9) may alsoaffect the dose, in particular if the total cross-sectional open area ofthe orifice is smaller than the total cross-sectional open area of theinlet openings. However, if the orifice (9) is too large, dripping mayoccur which would require the introduction of additional features tominimize said dripping such as silicone or thermoplastic elastomers(TPE) slit-seal valves and/or cross-shaped cuts in the orifice.Preferably, the ratio of the total cross-sectional open area of saiddosing chamber inlet openings (15) and said orifice (9) may be from 4 to0.25, preferably 1.

The ratio of the exposed cross-sectional area of the dosing chamberinlet openings (15) and the orifice (9) may be selected such that thespeed of dosage is less than or equal to 1.5 s, preferably less than orequal to 1 s and more preferably less than or equal to 0.75 s, at ratiosof total surface of the exposed cross-sectional area of the inletopenings (15): timer apertures (16) of from 15 to 25, preferably 18 to25, more preferably 22 to 25.

In a preferred embodiment, the dose of liquid being expelled through thenozzle has a flow rate of greater than 20 g/s, preferably greater than25 g/s, preferably greater or equal to 30 g/s, more preferably greateror equal to 35 g/s, more preferably greater or equal to 38 g/s, morepreferably greater or equal to 40 g/s, even more preferably from 42 g/sto 70 g/s, even more preferably from 45 g/s to 65 g/s, most preferablyfrom 50 g/s to 60 g/s, typically measured for the first 10 squeezesstarting from a full container. By “full container” it is hereinintended that the resilient container of the apparatus is filled withliquid as much as is normal in the field of detergent bottles, this istypically about 90% of the total inner volume of the container. Withoutwishing to be bound by theory it is believed that lower flow ratesprovide detriment to the ergonomic squeeze.

The viscosity and rheology profile of the liquid may impact theaccuracy, speed of dosage, and comfort in the squeeze operation. It hasbeen found that liquids having a shear thinning-type rheology profileand viscosity within the below-mentioned ranges ensure an acceptableforce to be applied to the resilient container and thus permit anergonomic squeeze of the container to provide a drip-free dose. In apreferred embodiment the liquids herein have a viscosity of from 1 to350 mPa·s, preferably 1 to 300 mPa·s, more preferably from 1 to 250mPa·s, even more preferably 1 to 220 mPa·s, measured at 1000 s⁻¹ at 20°C. The above viscosities will deliver a constant dose of liquid whilstpermitting such ergonomic squeeze. If the viscosity of the liquid isabove the mentioned ranges, an unacceptable amount of force is requiredto be applied by the user to complete a dose.

The viscosity measurements referred to herein are taken with an AR 1000from TA instruments with a 2° 1′ 5″ cone angle spindle of 40 mm diameterwith truncation of 57 micrometer. By “constant dose” it is herein meantthat the variation in dose over multiple squeezes, typically 10consecutive squeezes starting from a full container, does not exceed ±3ml, preferably ±1 ml.

It has also been found that particularly shear thinning liquids providefor an optimal ergonomic squeeze of the resilient container thusproviding good feel for the user upon dosing, this whilst alsominimizing dripping. Without wishing to be bound by theory, it isbelieved that liquids having a viscosity of greater than 150 (and thebelow mentioned preferred ranges) at low shear (i.e. 10 s⁻¹ at 20° C.),in combination with the apparatus according to the present invention,provides a dose of liquid substantially drip-free but also provide thenecessary feel and control to the user in the squeeze operation. At thesame time, ensuring that the same liquid has a high shear viscosity(i.e. 1000 s⁻¹ at 20° C.) that is below the corresponding viscosity atlow shear, preferably within the above mentioned cited ranges, ensuresconstant dosage with minimal effort whilst providing controlledsqueezing. Therefore in a highly preferred embodiment the apparatusaccording to the present invention comprises a resilient containercomprising a shear thinning liquid therein typically having a viscosity,at a shear rate of 10 s⁻¹ at 20° C., of more than 1 time, preferably atleast 1.5 times, preferably 2 times, preferably from 2 to 100 times,more preferably from 3 to 50 times, even more preferably from 4 to 20times, even more preferably from 5 to 15 times, most preferably from 6to 10 times, greater than the viscosity at a shear rate of 1000 s⁻¹ at20° C.

In a preferred embodiment, the low shear viscosity (i.e. at 10 s⁻¹ at20° C.) is greater than 150 mPa·s, preferably greater than 200 mPa·s,more preferably greater than 250 mPa·s, even more preferably greaterthan 300 mPa·s. Viscosities below the above ranges result in undesirabledripping which not only provides unsightly residues being formed on thecap proximal to the orifice and messiness but also considerably affectsconsistency of the dosage.

Compositions suitable for use in the apparatus of the present inventionare formulated as liquid compositions, preferably liquid detergentcompositions, typically comprising water, preferably in an amount from10% to 85% by weight of the total composition. Suitable compositions maybe acidic or alkaline or both, and may further comprise abrasivecleaning particles, suspending aids, chelating agents, surfactants,radical scavengers, perfumes, surface modifying polymers, solvents,builders, buffers, bactericides, hydrotropes, colorants, stabilizers,bleaches, bleach activators, suds controlling agents like fatty acids,enzymes, soil suspenders, anti dusting agents, dispersants, pigments,thickeners, and/or dyes.

In a highly preferred embodiment the liquid compositions herein consistof a compact liquid. As used herein “compact” means a composition havingdensities in the range of from 0.5 to 1.5 grams, preferably from 0.8 to1.3 grams, more preferably from 1 to 1.1 grams, per cubic centimeter,excluding any solid additives but including any bubbles, if present.

When a compact liquid is used, such has a shear thinning rheologyprofile to enable accurate and constant dispensing. In particular, thecompact liquid typically has an undiluted viscosity “Vu” of from 1 to350 mPa·s, preferably 1 to 300 mPa·s, more preferably from 1 to 250mPa·s, even more preferably 1 to 220 mPa·s, at high shear (measured at1000 s⁻¹ at 20° C.) and of greater than 150 mPa·s, preferably greaterthan 200 mPa·s, more preferably greater than 250 mPa·s, even morepreferably greater than 300 mPa·s, even more preferably from 300 mPa·sto 15000 mPa·s, even more preferably from 300 mPa·s to 10000 mPa·s, mostpreferably from 300 mPa·s to 5000 mPa·s at low shear (measured at 10 s⁻¹at 20° C.), and a diluted viscosity “Vd” that is less than or equal to0.8 Vu, more preferably less than or equal to 0.5 Vu, even morepreferably less than or equal to 0.3 Vu at the respective shear rate,typically measured at a low shear rate of 10 s⁻¹ at 20° C. The waterthat is used to prepare the aqueous solution for determining the dilutedviscosity Vd of a composition is deionized water. The dilution procedureis described below. The advantage of such embodiment is that highlyconcentrated compositions may be formulated in the apparatus of thepresent invention whilst still achieving the desired consistency indrip-free dosage. Moreover, a compact liquid composition having theabove diluted viscosity “Vd” is important to ensure high dissolution.Without wishing to be bound by theory, a compact liquid composition withhigh undiluted viscosity “Vu”, important to ensure drip-free andconstant dosing, will generally dissolve poorly, unless it is soformulated as to have a lower viscosity on dilution, as in the presenthighly preferred embodiment of the invention.

In a preferred embodiment, the liquid contained in the containerconsists of a liquid detergent composition comprising a rheologymodifier comprising, preferably consisting of, polyacrylate basedpolymers, preferably hydrophobically modified polyacrylate polymers;hydroxyl ethyl cellulose, preferably hydrophobically modified hydroxylethyl cellulose, xanthan gum, hydrogenated castor oil (HCO) and mixturesthereof.

Preferred rheology modifiers are polyacrylate based polymers, preferablyhydrophobically modified polyacrylate polymers. Preferably a watersoluble copolymer based on main monomers acrylic acid, acrylic acidesters, vinyl acetate, methacrylic acid, acrylonitrile and mixturesthereof, more preferably copolymer is based on methacrylic acid andacrylic acid esters having appearance of milky, low viscous dispersion.Most preferred hydrologically modified polyacrylate polymer is Rheovis®AT 120, which is commercially available from BASF.

Other suitable rheology modifiers are hydroxethylcelluloses (HM-HEC)preferably hydrophobically modified hydroxyethylcellulose.

Suitable hydroxethylcelluloses (HM-HEC) are commercially available fromAqualon/Hercules under the product name Polysurf 76® and W301 from 3VSigma.

Xanthan gum is one suitable rheology modifier for liquids used herein.Xanthan gum is produced by fermentation of glucose or sucroce by thexanthomonas campestris bacterium. Suitable Xanthan gum is commerciallyavailable under trade anem Kelzan T® from CP Kelco.

Hydrogenated castor oil is one suitable rheology modifier used herein.Suitable hydrogenated castor oil is available under trade name TIXCIN Rfrom Elementis.

The most preferred rheology modifier used herein is hydrologicallymodified polyacrylate polymer Rheovis® AT 120, which is commerciallyavailable from BASF.

Typically, the thickened liquid hard surface cleaning composition hereincomprises from 0.1% to 10.0% by weight of the total composition of saidthickener, preferably from 0.2% to 5.0%, more preferably from 0.2% to2.5% and most preferably from 0.2% to 2.0%.

Method of Use

FIG. 12A to 12C illustrate an example of the operation of apparatus (1).FIG. 10A illustrates the resting position of apparatus (1), prior touse. The user disengages the top lid (17) or opens the orifice (9) andinclines the apparatus (1) top down, in a substantially invertedposition. The user then squeezes the container (2) preferably with onehand to begin the dosage. The liquid flow causes the valve (7) to closethe discharge opening (13) and the liquid to flow through the timerapertures (16) causes the piston (5) to move towards the entry tube(10). Concurrently the liquid forced through the dosing chamber inletopenings (15) is discharged through the entry tube (10) and out of thenozzle (8). FIG. 12B shows the apparatus (1) in its dosing arrangementwith the piston (5) at its mid position. The user may squeeze saidcontainer for no more than 1.5 seconds, preferably no more than onesecond, to complete the dose. The volume of liquid dosed for eachsqueeze of the container (2) may be from 1 ml to 80 ml, preferably from3 ml to 40 ml, more preferably 10 ml to 30 ml, and even more preferably10 ml to 25 ml. FIG. 12C illustrates the arrangement of apparatus (1) atthe end of the dosage. Once the piston (5) reaches the entry tube (10)so as to close it, the dose is complete and the user may release theforce from said container (2). The valve is then opened by the pressuredifferential generated as the resilient container (2) deforms back toits original shape, and the liquid is discharged into the container (2)through the discharge opening (13) allowing the piston (5) to return toits starting position. The user may now re-squeeze said container (2) todispense a new dose, without the need of re-inverting the apparatus (1).This process may be repeated for all subsequent dosages as necessary.

Viscosity Measurements—

The viscosity of liquid compositions herein, including Vu and Vd, ismeasured using an AR 1000 from TA Instruments with a 2° 1′ 5″ cone anglespindle of 40 mm diameter with truncation of 57 micrometer, shear ratefactor of 28.6, and shear stress factor of 0.0597. The software used isthe TA Instruments software, version 3.03 or higher. The followingsettings are used: a pre-shear with a shear rate of 10 s⁻¹ for 10seconds with 1 minute equilibration and a shear rate continuous ramp offrom 0.1 s⁻¹ till 1200 s⁻¹, during 3 minutes with 32 points per decade.All measurements are carried out at room temperature at 20° C.

Dilution of Compact Liquid Composition—

The compact liquid composition is diluted with deionized water accordingto the following protocol. 100 g of composition are weighed in a plasticbeaker. The beaker is stirred with a mechanical stirrer rotating at lowspeed 200 rpm to avoid entrapment of air into the product. Whilestirring, 50 ml of deionized water are added to the composition. Thecomposition is stirred for 4 minutes, until the composition is fullyhomogeneous. The composition is allowed to rest for 15 minutes beforestarting the viscosity measurement. The entire procedure is carried outat room temperature at 20° C.

Pressure Measurements—

A pressure sensor of the type MSR145 IP67 waterproof mini data loggerfrom MSR Electronics GmbH (frequency of 1/10s, pressure range 0-2000mBar±2.5 mBar) is inserted into a container according to the presentinvention filled with a liquid according to the present invention. Thecap and the remaining components of the apparatus according to thepresent invention are then fitted to close the container. Repeated dosesof liquid are prepared by repeated squeezes of the apparatus in top downvertical orientation, typically 10 consecutive squeezes starting from afull container. The squeezing is carried out by a robot with a two pointsqueeze and having a Festo sfc-dc-vc-3-e-h2-co control box and Festohgple-25-40-2.8-dc-vcsc-g85 motor, that is set to compress the containerat a speed “v” of 20 mm/s and acceleration “a” of 100 mm/s², and usingthe below protocol (typically the relative distance “xt” is 32 mm forcontainers holding 400 ml, 33 mm for 520 ml containers, 27.5 mm for 600ml containers and 21 mm for 946 ml containers). Pressure readings arerecorded by the sensor. Such measurements are repeated for apparatuseshaving a wide range of inlet and timer aperture ratios and for a rangeof viscosities.

Determining Acceptable Squeeze Ergonomics—

Acceptable squeeze ergonomics is determined via testing a number ofapparatuses according to the present invention with an expert panel.Panelists are asked to rate a number of different apparatuses in termsof comfort and easiness of squeeze to generate a complete dose ofliquid. Panelists are asked to squeeze apparatuses having differentinlet and timer aperture ratios and different viscosity profiles. Theresults are recorded.

Flow Rate Measurements—

A pressure sensor of the type MSR145 IP67 waterproof mini data loggerfrom MSR Electronics GmbH (frequency of 1/10 s, pressure range 0-2000mBar±2.5 mBar) is inserted into a container according to the presentinvention filled with a liquid according to the present invention. Thecap and the remaining components of the apparatus according to thepresent invention are then fitted to close the container. Repeated dosesof liquid are prepared by repeated squeezes of the apparatus in top downvertical orientation, typically 10 consecutive squeezes starting from afull container. The squeezing is carried out by a robot with a two pointsqueeze and having a Festo sfc-dc-vc-3-e-h2-co control box and Festohgple-25-40-2.8-dc-vcsc-g85 motor, that is set to compress the containerat a speed “v” of 20 mm/s and acceleration “a” of 100 mm/s² and usingthe below protocol (typically the relative distance “xt” is 32 mm forcontainers holding 400 ml, 33 mm for 520 ml containers, 27.5 mm for 600ml containers and 21 mm for 946 ml containers). Pressure readings arerecorded by the sensor. Such measurements are repeated for apparatuseshaving a wide range of inlet and timer aperture ratios and for a rangeof viscosities. The weight of each dose and the time to deliver the doseis recorded. The time is recorded with a high speed camera at 300frames/second. The flow rate for each dose is calculated by dividing themass of the dose delivered by the time taken to complete the dose.

Protocol for Robot Squeeze—

The apparatus to be tested is mounted upright in the robot arm. Thesettings for speed and acceleration are adjusted to the above mentionedparameters. The apparatus is turned top down and then squeezed until thedose is complete. The apparatus is turned upright and then the squeezeis released. Pressure, mass and time parameters are recorded asexplained above. The process is repeated, typically 10 times for eachcondition and readings recorded each time.

The dimensions and values disclosed herein are not to be understood asbeing strictly limited to the exact numerical values recited. Instead,unless otherwise specified, each such dimension is intended to mean boththe recited value and a functionally equivalent range surrounding thatvalue. For example, a dimension disclosed as “40 mm” is intended to mean“about 40 mm.”

Every document cited herein, including any cross referenced or relatedpatent or application and any patent application or patent to which thisapplication claims priority or benefit thereof, is hereby incorporatedherein by reference in its entirety unless expressly excluded orotherwise limited. The citation of any document is not an admission thatit is prior art with respect to any invention disclosed or claimedherein or that it alone, or in any combination with any other referenceor references, teaches, suggests or discloses any such invention.Further, to the extent that any meaning or definition of a term in thisdocument conflicts with any meaning or definition of the same term in adocument incorporated by reference, the meaning or definition assignedto that term in this document shall govern.

While particular embodiments of the present invention have beenillustrated and described, it would be obvious to those skilled in theart that various other changes and modifications can be made withoutdeparting from the spirit and scope of the invention. It is thereforeintended to cover in the appended claims all such changes andmodifications that are within the scope of this invention.

What is claimed is:
 1. A dosing apparatus for dispensing a dose ofliquid comprising: (i) a resiliently squeezable container; (ii) a capoperably connected to said container; (iii) a dosing chamber operablyconnected to said cap, wherein said dosing chamber comprises a dosingchamber base having a discharge opening therein, dosing chambersidewalls extending upwardly along the perimeter of said dosing chamberbase and at least one dosing chamber inlet opening located proximal saiddosing chamber sidewalls; (iv) at least one timer aperture locatedproximal to said discharge opening; (v) a plunger, provided in saiddosing chamber and moveable relative to said chamber so as to advanceupon squeezing of said container, towards a blocking position; (v) avalve retaining means located below said dosing chamber base; (vi) avalve provided in said valve retaining mean wherein said valve ismovable from an open position, allowing liquid flow through saiddischarge opening, and a closed position, where said valve blocks saiddischarge opening; and (vii) a nozzle; wherein the plunger can move fromthe dosing chamber base to the blocking position, defining a traveldistance; characterized in that said blocking position can be altered toprovide a minimum travel distance, for delivering a minimum dose, whichis from about 5% to about 66% of the travel distance, for delivering themaximum dose.
 2. The dosing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein thevolume dispensed from the minimum dose setting is from about 5% to about90% of the volume dispensed from the maximum dose setting.
 3. The dosingapparatus according to claim 2, wherein the volume dispensed from theminimum dose setting is from about 10% to about 50% of the volumedispensed from the maximum dose setting.
 4. The dosing apparatusaccording to claim 3, wherein the volume dispensed from the minimum dosesetting is from about 15% to about 30% of the volume dispensed from themaximum dose setting.
 5. The dosing apparatus according to claim 1wherein said dose can be varied from about 1 ml to about 80 ml.
 6. Thedosing apparatus according to claim 5 wherein said dose can be variedfrom about 3 ml to about 40 ml.
 7. The dosing apparatus according toclaim 6 wherein said dose can be varied from about 10 ml to about 30 ml.8. The dosing apparatus according to claim 1 wherein the blockingposition is moveable with respect to the dosing chamber base to set saidtravel distance.
 9. The dosing apparatus according to claim 1, whereinthe dosing apparatus further comprises: (vii) a dosing element, whereinthe dosing element comprises a dosing element top which is positionedabove the dosing chamber and wherein at least part of the dosing elementtop is moveable such that the blocking position can be altered; and saiddosing element comprises the nozzle, the nozzle comprising and/ordefining an orifice at its apex, and an entry tube.
 10. The dosingapparatus according to claim 9, wherein dosing element top defines aperimeter and the dosing element further comprises dosing elementsidewalls extending downwardly along the perimeter of the dosing elementtop, and the entry tube extends downwardly and opposite said orifice,and the dosing element sidewalls contact the dosing chamber sidewalls.11. The dosing apparatus according to claim 10, wherein the dosingelement sidewalls and dosing chamber sidewalls comprise correspondingprotrusions and grooves, such that the dosing element top can be movedrelative to the dosing chamber base by a sliding motion or rotationalmotion.
 12. The dosing apparatus according to claim 10, wherein thedosing element sidewalls comprises at least one dosing element inletopening located proximal said dosing chamber sidewalls.
 13. The dosingapparatus according to claim 1, wherein the nozzle comprises an entrytube, wherein the entry tube is moveable relative to the nozzle suchthat the blocking position can be altered.
 14. The dosing apparatusaccording to claim 13, wherein the entry tube is irremovable from thenozzle.
 15. The dosing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein theresiliently squeezable container contains a liquid having a viscosity offrom about 1 to about 350 mPa·s, when measured at about 1000 s⁻¹ atabout 20° C.
 16. The dosing apparatus according to claim 15, wherein theresiliently squeezable container contains a liquid having a viscosity offrom about 1 to about 220 mPa·s, when measured at about 1000 s⁻¹ atabout 20° C.
 17. The dosing apparatus according to claim 16, wherein theresiliently squeezable container contains a liquid having a viscosity offrom about 1 to about 150 mPa·s, when measured at about 1000 s⁻¹ atabout 20° C.
 18. The dosing apparatus according to claim 1 wherein saidcontainer comprises a front surface and a back surface, and wherein thedistance between said front to said back surfaces is between about 30 mmto about 120 mm.
 19. A method of treating a stain on a substrate,comprising the step of to directly appling a dose of a hard surfacecleaning composition onto the stain using a dosing apparatus accordingto claim 1.